Essay about Napoleon in Egypt - 772 Words

When first looking at the Chronicle of the French Occupation, it looks as if it is merely a depiction of Napoleons time in Egypt, however there is much more to this article than meets the eye. The article being written by an Egyptian and not a European provides an alternative viewpoint to the events that happened in Egypt as opposed to the accounts that have been read and taught by Europeans. Although the article is a different perspective it does show strong cultural bias and ethnocentrism towards the French people from the eyes of the Egyptians. The article shows bias in the tone it is written, the unkindness used to mock the French and the incomplete tales of the battles that took place. The writings of Al-Jabarti show†¦show more content†¦In the writings Al-Jabarti states that the French do not see eye to eye with any religion whole-heartedly but agree with parts of three different ones. He does not comment much on the way they act or on their persons but just on the things that his culture does not agree with. Al-Jabarti even goes so far as to ridicule or criticize Napoleons name by saying that it is not even a name but giving its literal definition. In doing this, he is simply mocking Napoleon and making him out to be a fool and less of a great leader. In this section of his writings Al-Jabarti corrects Napoleons grammar and spelling in his Proclamation to the Egyptians. In between the corrections of grammar Al-Jabarti insults the French by saying things such as Its occurrence here is like animal droppings on the road or a boulder in a mountain pass, may god afflict the man who composed it with break-bone fever and may god expose him to all sorts of destruction. (Al-Jabarti, 30) This comment is not necessary and is just to degrade the French in any way he can. This shows that his writings are biased and show a one sided or slanted point of view, hinting that the French are inferior to the Egyptians. He continues with this and criticizes the French system of government and that it is uncivilized for them to have a political body instead of a ruler, which would control all. This system is simply different to their own but the tone in which it is written showsShow MoreRelatedNapoleons Campaign In Egypt1241 Words   |  5 PagesNapol eon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who significantly influenced European history. Born in Corisca on August 15th 1769, Napoleon first rose to prominence as a general in the French Revolution (Hutt, 4). With his â€Å"strength of will, character, application, and daring† (Napoleon) characteristics, Captain Bonaparte made a name for himself. Staging a coup d’etat in late 1799, Napoleon managed to install himself as First Consul and within three years, as Consul for life (HuttRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte/ Napoleon I, is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history. He1300 Words   |  6 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte/ Napoleon I, is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history. He was the emperor of France and he also conquered much of Europe. From an early age Napoleon showed signs of being a great leader. Even as a child he was nicknamed â€Å"Little Corporal†, because of his undeniable courage and determination. In 1798 he sat forth on one of his major expeditions in Egypt. Napoleon and his soldiers defeated Egypt and they continued on their journey. Many expeditions later, NapoleonRead MoreThe Suez Canal Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesMiddle East proved to be another impediment when they destroyed the cities along its banks. However in the mid nineteenth century there was a joint venture between the ruler of Egypt and Lesseps. Lesseps knew he could not do this alone. Muhammad Ali was an Albanian mercenary who gained power in Egypt when Napoleon was defeated. Lesseps befriended Muhammad Ali and helped him gain control of the country, therefore creating an alliance between France and Muhammad Ali. At a banquet thrown byRead MoreEssay about Napoleon I1570 Words   |  7 Pages Napoleon I Napoleons life was a very interesting one. Starting a poor boy, hated by most, rising to rule a huge empire, and then finally being destroyed by his own arrogance and ending his life humbled, remembering what he had doe, and leaving it all in his memoirs for the world to read. Napoleon was born in 1769, on the Island of Corsica. His parents, Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte, were poor nobles. When Napoleon was just 10 years old, his father helped to get him a mathematical scholarship toRead MoreNapoleons Greed and Ambition Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte was historically not only the powerful invader but also the ambitious king. Napoleon made various works that effected France and the other country significantly, conquering almost of countries in Europe. Almost people in France praised Napoleon when he won in any war or any invasion. From successful occupation, people started to consider Napoleon as a god of the war and large numbers of people followed his order. Napoleon seems as the greatest emperor in the world. However, NapoleonRead MoreThe Rosetta Stone By Thomas Halloran1575 Words   |  7 Pagescentury. The Rosetta Stone was the key to translating the Hieroglyphs of Ancient Egypt which allowed Scholars to understand much more about the culture and society of the period. The Discovery of the Rosetta Stone allowed scholars to translate Hieroglyphs in Pyramids and tombs. This allowed them to go back in time and learn about what was going on in Ancient Egypt. Religion was an essential part of everyday in Ancient Egypt. The Egyptians thought of themselves to be working with the gods. They builtRead MoreThe Legacy Of Napoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1107 Words   |  5 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte was a military general and the an emperor of France who is now considered one of the worlds greatest and one of the world’s most controversial military leaders. Napoleon revolutionized military organization, sponsored the Napoleonic Code, and also reorganized education and established the long-lived Napoleon code with the papacy. (pbs.org, nov 27, 2016) Napoleon’s many reformations left a lasting mark on the institutions of France and of much of western Europe. But his drivingRead MoreEssay about Napoleon Bonaparte: A Not Ordinary Man1139 Words   |  5 Pagesnew beginning. Napoleon Bonaparte, a French military and political leader, gained popularity because he was no ordinary man. His intelligence in his childhood, his heroism, his intellectual views to the new political organization, his aggression in expanding the empire, and his downfall and make him an extraordinary man. First, his childhood and education mark a significant part in Napoleon’s life since he was intelligent. Born on August 15th, 1769 on the island of Corsica, Napoleon was a son of aRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte As A Multi Faceted Genius1094 Words   |  5 PagesNour Ziena Mrs. Mackenzie CLN4U 2016-03-28 Introduction Throughout history, men have always been able to conquer different lands. But of these men â€Å"The Little Corporal also known as Napoleon Bonaparte was able to cast a long shadow, from Holland to Egypt, from Moscow to Cadiz. The code Napoleon still remains with us, as the Arc de Triomphe and the memory of a multi-faceted genius. Throughout the history Europe, kings and dictators have been infamous for their voracious desire for control and completeRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte s Influence On France And Many Nations1456 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Although Napoleon Bonaparte had a lot of success throughout his career, he had many disasters happen to him as well that negatively affected France and many other European nations. Due: January 11, 2016 Option #1 â€Æ' Although Napoleon Bonaparte had a lot of success throughout his career, he had many disasters happen to him as well that negatively affected France and many other European nations. At first, he was viewed as a hero in France’s eyes after helping them win the Battle of Fulton against

Tkink green,live green! a essay about the main...

THINK GREEN,LIVE GREEN We are now confronted with serios enviromental problems.The best way to fight them is by knowing what causes them and to figure out the best comprimise solution for the earth as well as for the humans. population growth The major cause of most environmental problems is the rapidly growing human population, now at 6 billion (2000 estimate) people worldwide. A quarter of a million babies are born each day-90 million each year. In another 50 years, the population will grow to about 9-10 billion. Meeting the basic needs of all these people- food, housing, heat, energy, clothing, and consumer goods-places tremendous demands on the earths natural resources Without technological and land-use changes, in addition to†¦show more content†¦Education campaigns encourage people, businesses, and governments to prevent the inadvertent transport of foreign species, to control existing exotics, to restore degraded ecosystems, and to undertake any future introductions with the utmost care. Human welfare, after all, depends on preserving biodiversity. Through their mixing of species and disruption of ecosystems, human beings imperil themselves. desertification Desertification is the process by which lands that lie at the margins of deserts are degraded and become deserts themselves. Desertification usually occurs due to overgrazing, poor farming techniques or deforestation . The removal of the natural vegetation exposes the soil to wind erosion soil erosion and exhaust The main cause of soil erosion is deforestation.Deforestation occurs when forests are cleared or destroyed. It results in the loss of animal habitat , as well as increased soil erosion due to the loss of protective vegetation cover. In some areas, because the nutrient-deficient soil cannot support crops, a wasteland results within a few years. deforestation Each year an estimated 170,000 square kilometres (66,000 square miles) of rain forest disappear, the equivalent of more than four times the area of Switzerland . At the current rate of destruction, the worlds lowland rain forests will have disappeared in 20 years time. Today,

Explication of Theme in Flannery OConnors A Good Man is...

In Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† a family of six set out on a vacation to Florida while an extremely dangerous criminal is on the loose. The family takes the grandmother, who is outraged that the family is traveling while The Misfit is scanning the countryside. Throughout the short story, O’Connor drops many hints to the reader, ultimately leading to the terrifying climax. Foreshadowing is more commonly noticed the second time a story is read as opposed to the first. Readers will pick up on the hints that foreshadow the events to come. Foreshadowing is used when grandmother mentions The Misfit in the opening paragraph, when grandmother dresses formally in case of an accident, and when the graves are noticed in the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady.† (394). Grandmother’s actions suggest that an accident will happen later in the story. â€Å"In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway† suggests that the results of this accident could be fatal for grandmother or even worse, the entire family. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The last point in which foreshadowing occurs is when the family takes the overgrown country road past the cottonfield to get to the plantation. â€Å"They passed a large cottonfield with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island.†Look at the graveyard!† grandmother said, pointing it out. â€Å"That was the old family burying ground. That belonged to the plantation.’† (395). O’Connor suggests that five or six bodies are to be buried very soon. Reading the story a second time could help the reader notice that the number of empty graves matches the numbers of family members in the vehicle. â€Å"‘Look at the graveyard!† grandmother said, pointing it out† suggests that the author wants the reader to pay close attention toShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1564 Words   |  7 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find is an extremely powerful commentary that elucidates Flannery OConnors opinions about religion and society. Like the majority of her other works, A Good Man is Hard to Find has attracted many interpretations based on Christian dogma (Bandy 1). These Christian explications are justified because Miss OConnor is notorious for expressing Catholic doctrines through her fiction. Once she even remarked I see fromRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity and/or brutality. These writings are fraught with gender bias and typically centered on common southern themes such as the downfall of the southern upper class and the futility of the southern plantation. Southern gothic style attempts to uncover social issues specific to the south with the use of ghoulish and ironic events, disturbing and damaged characters, and grotesque themes ultimately revealing a less than desirable culture. Perverted countryside settin gs became the norm, with southernRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal

Online Learning Online Learners And Evaluating Their...

Introduction: Online learning, as a newly emerged platform to access to higher education, has become prevalent in China in the past years. Some scholars think highly of this form of education and believe that it will finally lead to a revolution of education. However, due to its short history of development, online learning platforms are not as mature as traditional universities and its learning outcomes are hard to be measured and examined. Those platforms are like a hotchpotch which consists of a variety of courses from educational institutions from all over the world. For online learners, they have to learn in a different way than they learned in universities because online courses are managed in different ways, and for Chinese learners, they may also have to overcome the language problem and culture issues, because the idea of online learning was introduced from western world and many online courses are instructed in English. This Research focuses on the factors that are related to the success of Chinese online learners and evaluating their learning characteristics from the perspective of the adult learning theory. By doing an online survey, the researcher collected 100 valid samples, for each one 20 variables are included. Through statistical analysis, the researcher reveals that some learning characteristics are significantly related to a better learning outcome. The result may be helpful for Chinese online learner to improve their manners of learning therebyShow MoreRelatedAttrition Rate of Online Learning12302 Words   |  50 PagesWHAT INFLUENCES ONLINE CLASSES HIGH ATTRITION RATE by Lora Hines Bachelor of Science in Business Education December 1984 College of Education A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science in Education Degree Department of Workforce Education and Development In the Graduate School Southern Illinois University – Carbondale December 1, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Read MoreTraining Program For An Organization s Performance3032 Words   |  13 Pagesthe value and people potential is to be exploited. Training is a method that involves the achievement of information, improving of skills, theories, or altering of actions and approaches to advance the functioning of employees Fitzgerald (2002). According to McNamara, training is mentioned as an educational event, he added that training comprises of learning and presentation of content as a way of facilitating skill development while improving workplace behaviors. The design of the training programRead MoreApplication of Observational Learning6241 Words   |  25 PagesTOPIC: Go to www.funderstanding.com. This web site has about learning in both company and school (k-12) environments. Click on the â€Å"About Learning† icon. Click on the â€Å"How Learning Should be Designed† hyperlink. Several learning theories are listed. A definition and basic elements of each theory are provided. Choose any one of the learning theories shown. Be prepared in class to define the theory, describe its elements, and discuss how it could be used in the design of a training program. Introduction:Read MoreEssay on Roles and Responsibilities3515 Words   |  15 Pagesnot part of your responsibility as a teacher of adults. As a teacher of adults in the Lifelong Learning Sector my own Roles and Responsibilities would be very different and varied from other teachers/tutors in different levels and sectors of education. However, there would also be many similarities in core principles and practices. As a teacher it is a part of our role to multitask which includes: †¢ Managing a diverse group of learner. †¢ Managing activities to be performed by theRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Level 3 Task Book for Specialist Support for Teaching and Learning in schools Mandatory Units Learner Name: The tasks have been re-written with boxes after each section for you to fill in if that would suit your learning style. Some learners find this helpful. You don’t have to work this way. You can present your tasks in other formats if you wish as long as it demonstrates evidence of the knowledge and understanding. NB: Please ensure that you referRead MoreUnit 009 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning4591 Words   |  19 Pages This form is mandatory Theory Assessment No: _______________________________________________ Learner name: Kerri McCann____________________________________ Enrolment number: ____________________________ Date issued: 17/09/2012___________________________________ Date submitted: 12/11/2012____________________________________ I confirm that the evidence for this unit is authentic and a true representation of my own work. Learner signature: _________________________ Read MoreFactors That Affect the Academic Performance of the Student Using Computer11401 Words   |  46 Pagesstudent achievement. In fact, Professor William Sanders of the University of Tennessee argues persuasively that the single most dominant factor affecting student academic gain is teacher effect.1  However, little statistical research is available for evaluating which type of training and teaching degree has the best effect on student achievement. As the demand for higher academic achievement and accountability in public education grows, it is important to determine whether teachers who hold advanced degreesRead MoreTechnology And Curriculum Have Uncovered New Methods Of Teaching3428 Words   |  14 Pagesand high stakes testing, it is imperative that educators understand the importance of and grasp the most efficient ways to reach each learner. In the article by researchers Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006), Hmelo, Duncan , and Chinn, (2007) present evidence demonstrating that problem -based learning and inquiry learning are powerful and effective models of learning. The expanded availability of technology and the increased efficiency of student technology use has promoted change in the deliveryRead MoreDISSERTATION21474 Words   |  86 Pagesï » ¿ ANGLO-MEXICAN FOUNDATION/COLLEGE OF ST MARK AND ST JOHN Exploring the use of authentic materials with young adult learners focused to learn vocabulary. Dissertation submitted in part-fulfilment of the requirements for the University of Exeter B.Ed for Serving Teachers (Hons) English Language Teaching Beatriz Dà ­az de Contreras September 2003 BA/Bed Honours (Exon.) Abstract Although I have always liked to use authentic materials in class, I had never had the opportunityRead MoreGucci Mane: a Thug Life7811 Words   |  32 Pagesmetacognitive activities everyday. Metacognition enables us to be successful learners, and has been associated with intelligence (e.g., Borkowski, Carr, Pressley, 1987; Sternberg, 1984, 1986a, 1986b). Metacognition refers to higher order thinking which involves active control over the cognitive processes engaged in learning. Activities such as planning how to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating progress toward the completion of a task are metacognitive in nature

Beethoven Concert Symphony free essay sample

Concerto, one named by Ludwig van Beethoven and the other by a friend, are splendid examples of Beethovens musical acumen. These pieces are more formally known as Beethovens Symphony No. 6 and Piano Concerto No. 5. This concert report will cover both pieces and will contain my impressions of each piece. Symphony No. 6 Pastorals was performed by the Deutsche Complementariness Bremen, and was conducted by Poppa Jars during their Beethoven series. Plano Concerto No. Emperor was performed by Murray Pergola (Plano) accompanied by he Academy of SST Martin in the Fields, conducted by Inveigle Mariner. The dates of the performances are not known because this is a review of an E-concert recording. I will begin with the piece that was personally named by Ludwig Van Beethoven, Pastorals Pastorals Is a five movement symphony, the only one with five movements that Beethoven wrote. Each movement is individually titled although Beethoven noted that the names were merely suggestions and were not to be taken literally (Classicalmusiceducation. Mom). The music does however seem to match up beautifully with the titles. The first movement is titled; Awakening of Cheerful Feelings on Arriving in the Country, Allegro ma non troop and begins with an opening drone. The piece has a very quick, but somehow leisurely pace that repeats Itself In a typical sonata form. Themes emerge, but do not seem to be In conflict as In other symphonies, there Is a lack of noticeable tension. Imagine a forest, with the sounds of nature in perfect harmony, the winds rustling through the trees and birds chirping and singing.The movement concludes with a coda comprised of a powerful increase in volume and emphasis with a return to the opening theme as basses Join in. The second movement Is titled; Scene by the Brook, Andante molt mossy and continues the calm and relaxed mood set In the first movement. This movement seems to be in variation form. A gentle melody develops and the music seems to quicken. A completely new tune is introduced by a bassoon that is repeated several times. The themes are passed from woodwinds to strings and back to the full orchestra several times.Woodwinds seem to represent bird calls throughout the movement further adding linkage to the title. The end is marked by a flute and clarinet In a virtual bird conversation. This appears to be a cadenza before the completion of the warm and rich movement. The third movement is titled; Merry Gathering of Counterfoil, Allegro, This movement is a classic scherzo in triple meter. The opening theme is conducted by the entire orchestra. This movement is in great contrast to the first two, much faster and more powerful. The scherzo gives way to a trio that Is quite energetic.The to repeat in a a compressed fashion. The movement ends with a strong cadence that ends sharply and shifts to the next movement. The fourth movement is known as; Thunderstorm allegro. The bass is deep and deviant, the woodwinds pierce the air, and the entire orchestra create a powerful stormy atmosphere. The rise and falls of this piece are dramatic and enhanced by the strings piercing anxiety. The sounds seem to shake the environment, rhythm is hard to detect, everything is crashing and disjointed, much like a real storm.Suddenly there is calm as if the storm has dissipated and the beautiful country side has reappeared. The fifth and final movement is called; Shepherds song, Glad and Grateful after the Storm Allegretto. The main theme is introduced by clarinets, horns and violins. He main theme is repeated several times with variations as the woodwinds are Intermixed. The entire orchestra Joins in an extended transition as the opening materials are reintroduced. There is an extended coda and the main theme is varied.There does not seem to be a climax in the ending, Just a final strong cadence and a magnificent sense of completion that is enlightening. The five movements of Beethovens Symphony No. 6 Pastorals draw listeners in Math a quick, but leisurely tempo and rich developed movements. The symphony seemingly flows and fits the titles beautifully. It is easy to paint a picture off noble underside, nature, and all the activities it entails. Beethovens Piano Concerto No. 5 Emperor is a three part traditional concerto, an Allegro, Adagio, and the Rondo.This concerto was named Emperor because of the powerful themes and heroic note of the composition (wry. All-about-Beethoven. Com/ concerted. HTML). The opening of the concerto brings a main theme introduced by a solo piano with the full orchestra providing a dramatic presence of several chords. The piano flourishes grow in length until reaching a cadenza after the third time. The full orchestra Joins in and carries the theme into the full exposition. The theme is bold Ninth a pleasant interjection of a second subject that seems to tiptoe through the movement.The orchestra stays in the tonic key as the piano modulates and reaches wide variety of tones as the scales are worked. The development of the movement effectively flips the lead. The orchestra now leads and the piano accompanies. The main theme rhythm is reinforced by a powerful bassoon. The coda is lead by horns and Joined by the rest of the orchestra to a thrilling close. The second movement is a slow movement and begins quietly with a simple main theme presented by strings. I felt like I was in church. The melody of the movement makes it seem simple but it still has many variations within.The original theme is maintained within the development in a very refined and deliberate way. This away as if were weeping. The piano is seems to fade away as a low woodwind plays long notes and sustains the theme. A very low tone on the piano and woods is held for long periods and then the piano dashes out vibrantly and the orchestra Joins in a spirited conclusion of the movement. The third movement is a classic rondo that seems to begin without a distinct break from the second. The piano again traverses the scales dramatically and is accompanied by the orchestra.The drums fade as the piano solo fades out. With the pause, the piano Jumps aggressively back into the chromatic scales which are a foundation of the themes throughout the concerto. The orchestra is along for the ride too rapid and powerful finish. The Pastorals symphony and Piano Concerto Emperor present dynamic representations of nineteenth century music which represented more direct and unrestrained emotions (Strayed 209). Both pieces are energetic and lead the listener through a winding path of emotion.

The Time Machine Essay Research Paper Chapter free essay sample

The Time Machine Essay, Research Paper Chapter I. The Time Machine The Time Traveller ( for so it will be convenient to talk of him ) was elaborating a abstruse affair to us. His gray eyes shone and twinkled, and his normally pale face was flushed and animated. The fire burned brilliantly, and the soft glow of the candent visible radiations in the lilies of Ag caught the bubbles that flashed and passed in our spectacless. Our chairs, being his patents, embraced and caressed us instead than submitted to be sat upon, and at that place was that epicurean after-dinner ambiance when idea roams gracefully free of the trammels of preciseness. And he put it to us in this manner # 8211 ; taging the points with a thin index # 8211 ; as we sat and lazily admired his seriousness over this new paradox ( as we thought it: ) and his fruitfulness. `You must follow me carefully. I shall hold to oppose one or two thoughts that are about universally accepted. The geometry, for case, they taught you at school is founded on a misconception. # 8217 ; `Is non that instead a big thing to anticipate us to get down upon? # 8217 ; said Filby, an argumentative individual with ruddy hair. `I do non intend to inquire you to accept anything without sensible land for it. You will shortly acknowledge every bit much as I need from you. You know of class that a mathematical line, a line of thickness NIL, has no existent being. They taught you that? Neither has a mathematical plane. These things are mere abstractions. # 8217 ; `That is all right, # 8217 ; said the Psychologist. `Nor, holding merely length, comprehensiveness, and thickness, can a regular hexahedron have a existent existence. # 8217 ; `There I object, # 8217 ; said Filby. `Of class a solid organic structure may be. All existent things # 8211 ; # 8217 ; `So most people think. But wait a minute. Can an INSTANTANEOUS regular hexahedron exist? # 8217 ; `Don # 8217 ; t follow you, # 8217 ; said Filby. `Can a regular hexahedron that does non last for any clip at all, have a existent being? # 8217 ; Filby became brooding. `Clearly, # 8217 ; the Time Traveller proceeded, `any existent organic structure must hold extension in FOUR waies: it must hold Length, Breadth, Thickness, and # 8211 ; Duration. But through a natural frailty of the flesh, which I will explicate to you in a minute, we incline to overlook this fact. There are truly four dimensions, three which we call the three planes of Space, and a 4th, Time. There is, nevertheless, a inclination to pull an unreal differentiation between the former three dimensions and the latter, because it happens that our consciousness moves intermittently in one way along the latter from the beginning to the terminal of our lives. # 8217 ; `That, # 8217 ; said a really immature adult male, doing convulsive attempts to relight his cigar over the lamp ; `that. . . really clear indeed. # 8217 ; `Now, it is really singular that this is so extensively overlooked, # 8217 ; continued the Time Traveller, with a little accession of sunniness. `Really this is what is meant by the Fourth Dimension, though some people who talk about the Fourth Dimension do non cognize they mean it. It is merely another manner of looking at Time. THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TIME AND ANY OF THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SPACE EXCEPT THAT OUR CONSCIOUSNESS MOVES ALONG IT. But some foolish people have got clasp of the incorrect side of that thought. You have all heard what they have to state about this Fourth Dimension? # 8217 ; `_I_ have non, # 8217 ; said the Provincial Mayor. `It is merely this. That Space, as our mathematicians have it, is spoken of as holding three dimensions, which one may name Length, Breadth, and Thickness, and is ever definable by mention to three planes, each at right angles to the others. But some philosophical people have been inquiring why THREE dimensions peculiarly # 8211 ; why non another way at right angles to the other three? # 8211 ; and hold even tried to build a Four-Dimension geometry. Professor Simon Newcomb was elaborating this to the New York Mathematical Society merely a month or so ago. You know how on a level surface, which has merely two dimensions, we can stand for a figure of a 3-dimensional solid, and likewise they think that by theoretical accounts of thee dimensions they could stand for one of four # 8211 ; if they could get the hang the position of the thing. See? # 8217 ; `I think so, # 8217 ; murmured the Provincial Mayor ; and, knitting his foreheads, he lapsed into an introverted province, his lips traveling as one who repeats mysterious words. `Yes, I think I see it now, # 8217 ; he said after some clip, lighten uping in a quite ephemeral mode. `Well, I do non mind stating you I have been at work upon this geometry of Four Dimensions for some clip. Some of my consequences are funny. For case, here is a portrayal of a adult male at eight old ages old, another at 15, another at 17, another at 23, and so on. All these are obviously subdivisions, as it were, Three-dimensional representations of his Four-Dimensioned being, which is a fixed and inalterable thing. `Scientific people, # 8217 ; proceeded the Time Traveller, after the intermission required for the proper assimilation of this, `know really good that Time is merely a sort of Space. Here is a popular scientific diagram, a conditions record. This line I trace with my finger shows the motion of the barometer. Yesterday it was so high, yesterday dark it fell, so this forenoon it rose once more, and so gently upward to here. Surely the quicksilver did non follow this line in any of the dimensions of Space by and large recognized? But surely it traced such a line, and that line, hence, we must reason was along the Time-Dimension. # 8217 ; `But, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man, gazing hard at a coal in the fire, `if Time is truly merely a 4th dimension of Space, why is it, and why has it ever been, regarded as something different? And why can non we move in Time as we move about in the other dimensions of Space? # 8217 ; The Time Traveller smiled. `Are you certain we can travel freely in Space? Right and left we can travel, rearward and frontward freely adequate, and work forces ever have done so. I admit we move freely in two dimensions. But how about up and down? Gravitation limits us there. # 8217 ; `Not precisely, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man. `There are balloons. # 8217 ; `But before the balloons, save for convulsive jumping and the inequalities of the surface, adult male had no freedom of perpendicular movement. # 8217 ; `Still they could travel a small up and down, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man. `Easier, far easier down than up. # 8217 ; `And you can non travel at all in Time, you can non acquire off from the present moment. # 8217 ; `My beloved sir, that is merely where you are incorrect. That is merely where the whole universe has gone incorrect. We are ever acquiring off from the present motion. Our mental beings, which are immaterial and have no dimensions, are go throughing along the Time-Dimension with a unvarying speed from the cradle to the grave. Merely as we should go DOWN if we began our being 50 stat mis above the Earth # 8217 ; s surface. # 8217 ; `But the great trouble is this, # 8217 ; interrupted the Psychologist. `You CAN move approximately in all waies of Space, but you can non travel approximately in Time. # 8217 ; `That is the source of my great find. But you are incorrect to state that we can non travel about in Time. For case, if I am remembering an incident really vividly I go back to the blink of an eye of its happening: I become absent-minded, as you say. I jump back for a minute. Of class we have no agencies of remaining back for any length of Time, any more than a barbarian or an animate being has of remaining six pess above the land. But a civilised adult male is better off than the barbarian in this regard. He can travel up against gravity in a balloon, and why should he non trust that finally he may be able to halt or speed up his impetus along the Time-Dimension, or even turn approximately and go the other manner? # 8217 ; `Oh, THIS, # 8217 ; began Filby, `is all # 8211 ; # 8217 ; `Why non? # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller. `It # 8217 ; s against ground, # 8217 ; said Filby. `What ground? # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller. `You can demo black is white by statement, # 8217 ; said Filby, `but you will neer convert me. # 8217 ; `Possibly non, # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller. `But now you begin to see the object of my probes into the geometry of Four Dimensions. Long ago I had a obscure intimation of a machine # 8211 ; # 8217 ; `To travel through Time! # 8217 ; exclaimed the Very Young Man. `That shall go indifferently in any way of Space and Time, as the driver determines. # 8217 ; Filby contented himself with laughter. `But I have experimental confirmation, # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller. `It would be unusually convenient for the historiographer, # 8217 ; the Psychologist suggested. `One might go back and verify the recognized history of the Battle of Hastings, for case! # 8217 ; `Don # 8217 ; t you think you would pull attending? # 8217 ; said the Medical Man. `Our ascendants had no great tolerance for anachronisms. # 8217 ; `One might acquire one # 8217 ; s Greek from the really lips of Homer and Plato, # 8217 ; the Very Young Man thought. `In which instance they would c ertainly plough you for the Little-go. The German bookmans have improved Greek so much.’ `Then there is the hereafter, # 8217 ; said the Very Young Man. `Just think! One might put all one # 8217 ; s money, leave it to roll up at involvement, and haste on in front! # 8217 ; `To discover a society, # 8217 ; said I, `erected on a purely communistic basis. # 8217 ; `Of all the wild excessive theories! # 8217 ; began the Psychologist. `Yes, so it seemed to me, and so I neer talked of it until # 8211 ; # 8217 ; `Experimental confirmation! # 8217 ; cried I. `You are traveling to verify THAT? # 8217 ; `The experiment! # 8217 ; cried Filby, who was acquiring brain-weary. `Let # 8217 ; s see your experiment anyhow, # 8217 ; said the Psychologist, `though it # 8217 ; s all baloney, you know. # 8217 ; The Time Traveller smiled unit of ammunition at us. Then, still smiling faintly, and with his custodies deep in his pants pockets, he walked easy out of the room, and we heard his slippers scuffling down the long transition to his research lab. The Psychologist looked at us. `I inquire what he # 8217 ; s got? # 8217 ; `Some sleight-of-hand fast one or other, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man, and Filby tried to state us about a magician he had seen at Burslem ; but before he had finished his foreword the Time Traveller came back, and Filby # 8217 ; s anecdote collapsed. The thing the Time Traveller held in his manus was a glistening metallic model, barely larger than a little clock, and really finely made. There was tusk in it, and some crystalline crystalline substance. And now I must be expressed, for this that follows # 8211 ; unless his account is to be accepted # 8211 ; is an perfectly unexplainable thing. He took one of the little octangular tabular arraies that were scattered about the room, and set it in forepart of the fire, with two legs on the hearthrug. On this tabular array he placed the mechanism. Then he drew up a chair, and sat down. The merely other object on the tabular array was a little shaded lamp, the bright visible radiation of which fell upon the theoretical account. There were besides possibly a twelve tapers about, two in brass candle holders upon the mantle and several in sconces, so that the room was brightly illuminated. I sat in a low arm-chair nearest the fire, and I drew this frontward so as to be about between the Time Traveller and the hearth. Filby sat behind him, looking over his shoulder. The Medical Man and the Provincial Mayor watched him in profile from the right, the Psychologist from the left. The Very Young Man stood behind the Psychologist. We were all on the qui vive. It appears unbelievable to me that any sort of fast one, nevertheless subtly conceived and nevertheless adroitly done, could hold been played upon us under these conditions. The Time Traveller looked at us, and so at the mechanism. `Well? # 8217 ; said the Psychologist. `This small matter, # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller, resting his cubituss upon the tabular array and pressing his custodies together above the setup, `is merely a theoretical account. It is my program for a machine to go through clip. You will detect that it looks singularly askew, and that there is an uneven blink of an eye visual aspect about this saloon, as though it was in some manner unreal. # 8217 ; He pointed to the portion with his finger. `Also, here is one small white lever, and here is another. # 8217 ; The Medical Man got up out of his chair and peered into the thing. `It # 8217 ; s attractively made, # 8217 ; he said. `It took two old ages to do, # 8217 ; retorted the Time Traveller. Then, when we had all imitated the action of the Medical Man, he said: `Now I want you clearly to understand that this lever, being pressed over, sends the machine gliding into the hereafter, and this other reverses the gesture. This saddle represents the place of a clip traveler. Soon I am traveling to press the lever, and off the machine will travel. It will disappear, base on balls into future Time, and disappear. Have a good expression at the thing. Look at the tabular array excessively, and satisfy yourselves there is no hocus-pocus. I don # 8217 ; t want to blow this theoretical account, and so be told I # 8217 ; m a quack. # 8217 ; There was a minute # 8217 ; s pause possibly. The Psychologist seemed about to talk to me, but changed his head. Then the Time Traveller put forth his finger towards the lever. `No, # 8217 ; he said all of a sudden. `Lend me your hand. # 8217 ; And turning to the Psychologist, he took that single # 8217 ; s manus in his ain and told him to set out his index. So that it was the Psychologist himself who sent Forth the theoretical account Time Machine on its endless ocean trip. We all saw the lever bend. I am perfectly certain there was no hocus-pocus. There was a breath of air current, and the lamp fire jumped. One of the tapers on the mantle was blown out, and the small machine all of a sudden swung unit of ammunition, became indistinct, was seen as a shade for a 2nd possibly, as an Eddy of faintly glistening brass and tusk ; and it was gone # 8211 ; vanished! Save for the lamp the tabular array was bare. Everyone was soundless for a minute. Then Filby said he was damned. The Psychologist recovered from his daze, and all of a sudden looked under the tabular array. At that the Time Traveller laughed cheerfully. `Well? # 8217 ; he said, with a reminiscence of the Psychologist. Then, acquiring up, he went to the baccy jar on the mantle, and with his dorsum to us began to make full his pipe. We stared at each other. `Look here, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man, `are you in earnest about this? Do you earnestly believe that that machine has travelled into clip? # 8217 ; `Certainly, # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller, crouching to illume a spill at the fire. Then he turned, illuming his pipe, to look at the Psychologist # 8217 ; s face. ( The Psychologist, to demo that he was non brainsick, helped himself to a cigar and tried to illume it untrimmed. ) `What is more, I have a large machine about finished in there # 8217 ; # 8211 ; he indicated the research lab # 8211 ; `and when that is put together I mean to hold a journey on my ain account. # 8217 ; `You mean to state that that machine has travelled into the hereafter? # 8217 ; said Filby. `Into the hereafter or the past # 8211 ; I don # 8217 ; T, for certain, cognize which. # 8217 ; After an interval the Psychologist had an inspiration. `It must hold gone into the past if it has gone anyplace, # 8217 ; he said. `Why? # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller. `Because I presume that it has non moved in infinite, and if it travelled into the hereafter it would still be here all this clip, since it must hold travelled through this time. # 8217 ; `But, # 8217 ; I said, `If it travelled into the past it would hold been seeable when we came foremost into this room ; and last Thursday when we were here ; and the Thursday before that ; and so forth! # 8217 ; `Serious expostulations, # 8217 ; remarked the Provincial Mayor, with an air of nonpartisanship, turning towards the Time Traveller. `Not a spot, # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller, and, to the Psychologist: `You think. You can explicate that. It # 8217 ; s presentation below the threshold, you know, diluted presentation. # 8217 ; `Of class, # 8217 ; said the Psychologist, and reassured us. `That # 8217 ; s a simple point of psychological science. I should hold thought of it. It # 8217 ; s kick adequate, and helps the paradox delightfully. We can non see it, nor can we appreciate this machine, any more than we can the radius of a wheel spinning, or a slug winging through the air. If it is going through clip 50 times or a 100 times faster than we are, if it gets through a minute while we get through a 2nd, the feeling it creates will of class be lone one-fiftieth or one-hundredth of what it would do if it were non going in clip. That # 8217 ; s kick enough. # 8217 ; He passed his manus through the infinite in which the machine had been. `You see? # 8217 ; he said, express joying. We sat and stared at the vacant tabular array for a minute or so. Then the Time Traveller asked us what we thought of it all. `It sounds plausible plenty to-night, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man ; # 8216 ; but wait until to-morrow. Wait for the common sense of the morning. # 8217 ; `Would you wish to see the Time Machine itself? # 8217 ; asked the Time Traveller. And therewith, taking the lamp in his manus, he led the manner down the long, drafty corridor to his research lab. I remember vividly the flickering visible radiation, his fagot, wide caput in silhouette, the dance of the shadows, how we all followed him, puzzled but incredulous, and how at that place in the research lab we beheld a larger edition of the small mechanism which we had seen vanish from before our eyes. Partss were of Ni, parts of tusk, parts had surely been filed or sawn out of stone crystal. The thing was by and large complete, but the distorted crystalline bars lay unfinished upon the bench beside some sheets of drawings, and I took one up for a better expression at it. Quartz it seemed to be. `Look here, # 8217 ; said the Medical Man, `are you absolutely serious? Or is this a fast one # 8211 ; like that shade you showed us last Christmas? # 8217 ; `Upon that machine, # 8217 ; said the Time Traveller, keeping the lamp aloft, `I intend to research clip. Is that field? I was neer more serious in my life. # 8217 ; None of us rather knew how to take it. I caught Filby # 8217 ; s oculus over the shoulder of the Medical Man, and he winked at me solemnly.